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The Politics of the Archive and Archival Politics

The Atrocity Files

Preface

Our discussion is focused on the archive of the Guatemalan Secret Police spanning the years of Guatemala’s Civil War, 1960–1996. During this period, the Secret Police were not only complicit in, but in many cases initiated, terror on the Guatemalan people by engaging in a campaign of disappearance, torture, exaction, and anonymous mass graves.

Indeed, vastness of the Secret Police’s infrastructure of terror achieved the aim of all authoritarian regimes: complete suspicion among the Guatemalan people (distrust of neighbors and even family) for rule by terror. No one in Guatemala could be certain about who was informing. Indeed, as is the rule during such regimes, informing became arbitrary. Friends, neighbors, and family were informing on one another as a means of self-preservation.

Our purpose is a study of Kate Doyle’s poignant article, The Atrocity Files:
Deciphering the Archives of Guatemala’s Dirty War, as representative of a historically common (even predictable) relationship between authoritarian regimes and their practice of maintaining shockingly elaborate and detailed records of their abuse, torture. and murder; and, we need to ask why such incriminating evidence would be compiled?
Answers to this question lead naturally to an understanding of the particular life cycle of these archives that witness these records, inverting the purpose of their composition from instruments of complicity and terror to monuments of endurance and defeat of authoritarian terror.

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Authoritarian governments are (in general) really bad at destroying the records of their own abuse. In Guatemala, the existence of such records was denied. There was collective belief that an institution responsible for such evil would never document its own atrocities. Sadly, this is rarely, if ever, the case.

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This, from Doyle,
In 2005, however, the government’s silence was shattered. That May, residents of a crowded working-class neighborhood in Guatemala City sent a complaint to the country’s human-rights prosecutor, Sergio Morales Alvarado, about the improper storage of explosives on a local police base. The prosecutor’s first request to authorities for removal of the grenades, ammunition, homemade bombs, mortar shells, and sacks of potassium chlorate seized over years of police raids was ignored. But after a freak explosion on a nearby military base made headlines a few weeks later, the National Civil Police agreed to transfer the weapons offsite. On July 5, Morales sent a team of inspectors to verify the removal, and it was during that visit that they stumbled upon an archive of the Guatemalan National Police. The former National Police, that is, an institution so entirely complicit in the atrocities of the civil war that it was considered irredeemable and disbanded in 1997. 

Guatemala
Casualty of Cold War “Proxy” War

Sadly, Guatemala’s location made it ideal grounds for the kinds of proxy wars between the United States and Soviet Union that wreaked havoc across Central America; most famously perhaps in Nicaragua when Ronald Regan’s illegal support of the “Freedom Fighters” came to light during the mid-1980s.

Guatemala map and city
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Guatemala Civil War

A brief background and history of Guatemala’s seemingly endless Civil War.

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Guatemalan Atrocitiy Files

As Doyle introduces, however, in July 2005, the vast archive of the Guatemalan Secret Police was discovered outside of the Guatemalan capital, Guatemala City.

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Spanish Civil War

Reference to the Spanish Civil War and certain of the 20th century’s most authoritarian regimes.