Glossary

All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Absolute threshold Accommodation Acculturative stress Acquired (secondary) drives Acrophobia Action potential Action therapy Activation-information-mode model (A.I.M.) Activation-synthesis hypothesis Activity theory Adaptive theory Adolescence Adrenal glands Aerial perspective Afterimages Aggression Agonists Agoraphobia Agreeableness AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome Alcohol Algorithms All-or-nothing thinking Alpha waves Altered state of consciousness Altruism Amphetamines Amygdala Anal expulsive personality Anal retentive personality Anal stage Analytical intelligence Androgens Androgyny Andropause Anorexia nervosa Antagonists Anterograde amnesia Antianxiety drugs Antidepressant drugs Antipsychotic drugs Antisocial personality disorder Anxiety disorders Approach–approach conflict Approach–avoidance conflict Arbitrary inference Archetypes Arousal theory Artificial intelligence (A.I.) Association areas Attachment Attitudes Attribution Attribution theory Auditory canal Auditory nerve Authenticity Autobiographical memory Automatic encoding Autonomic nervous system (A.N.S.) Autonomy versus shame and doubt Aversion therapy Avoidance–avoidance conflict Axon Axon terminals Barbiturates Basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.) Basic anxiety Basic level type Behavior modification or applied behavior analysis Behavior modification Behavior therapies Behavioral genetics Behaviorism Bell curve Benevolent sexism Benzodiazepines Bilateral cingulotomy Bilateral E.C.T. Bimodal Bimodal distribution Binocular cues Binocular disparity Biofeedback Biological model Biological preparedness Biomedical therapies Biomedical therapy Biopsychological perspective Bipolar disorder Bisexual Blind spot Borderline personality disorder Bottom-up processing Brightness constancy Broca's aphasia Bulimia Burnout Bystander effect Case studies Caffeine Cannon-Bard theory of emotion Catastrophe Catatonic Central nervous system (C.N.S.) Central-route processing Centration Cerebellum Cerebral hemispheres Cerebrum Character Chromosome Circadian rhythm Classical conditioning Claustrophobia Clinical psychology Closure Cocaine Ccochlea Cognitive arousal theory Cognitive development Cognitive dissonance Cognitive perspective Cognitive perspective Cognitive psychologists Cognitive therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy (C.B.T.) Cognitive-mediational theory Cognitive universalism Collective unconscious College Undergraduate Stress Scale (C.U.S.S.) Companionate love Comparative psychology Compensation (substitution) Compliance Computed tomography (C.T.) Concentrative meditation Conception Concepts Concrete operations stage Conditional positive regard Conditioned emotional response (C.E.R.) Conditioned response (C.R.) Conditioned stimulus (C.S.) Conditioned taste aversion Cones Confirmation bias Conflict Conformity Conscience Conscientiousness Conscious mind Consciousness Conservation Consolidation Constructive processing Consumer psychology Contiguity Contingency contract Continuity Continuous reinforcement Control group Conventional morality Convergence Convergent thinking Conversion disorder Coping strategies Corpus callosum Correlation Cortex Counterconditioning Creative intelligence Creativity Critical periods Critical thinking Cross-sectional design Cross-sequential design Cult Cultural relativity Culture-bound syndromes Curve of forgetting Cybertherapy Cyclothymia Dark adaptation Decay Declarative memory Deep lesioning Delta waves Delusional disorder Delusions Dendrites Denial Dependent variable Depersonalization disorder Depressants Depth perception Descriptive statistics Developmental psychology Developmentally delayed Deviation IQ scores Diffusion of responsibility Direct observation Directive Discrimination Discriminative stimulus Disorganized Displaced aggression Displacement Display rules Dispositional cause Dissociative amnesia Dissociative disorders Dissociative fugue Dissociative identity disorder Distress Disuse Divergent thinking Dizygotic twins D.N.A. (deoxyribonucleic acid) Dominant Door-in-the-face technique Double approach–avoidance conflict Double-blind study Drive Drive-reduction theory Dysthymia Echoic memory Eclectic therapies Educational psychology Ego Egocentrism Ego ideal Eidetic imagery Elaboration likelihood model Elaborative rehearsal Electroconvulsive therapy (E.C.T.) Electroencephalograph (E.E.G.) Embryo Embryonic period Emotion Emotion-focused coping Emotional intelligence Empathy Encoding Encoding failure Encoding specificity Endocrine glands Environmental psychology Episodic memory Equal status contact Escape or withdrawal Estrogens Eustress Evolutionary perspective Excitatory neurotransmitter Exorcism Expectancy-value theories Experiment Experimental group Experimental psychology Experimenter effect Explicit memory Extinction Extinction Extraversion Extraverts Extrinsic motivation Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) Facial feedback hypothesis False positive Family counseling (family therapy) Fertilization Fetal period Fetus Figure–ground Five-factor model (Big Five) Fixation Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement Flashbulb memories Flat affect Flooding Foot-in-the-door technique Forensic psychology Formal concepts Formal operations Free association Free-floating anxiety Frequency count Frequency distribution Frequency theory Frontal lobes Frustration Fully functioning person Functional fixedness Functionalism Fundamental attribution error G factor Gender Gender identity Gender roles Gender schema theory Gender stereotype Gender typing Gene General adaptation syndrome (GAS) Generalized anxiety disorder Generativity Genetics Germinal period Gestalt psychology Gestalt therapy Gifted Glial cells Glucagons Gonads Grammar Groupthink Gustation Habits Habituation Hallucinations Hallucinogens Halo effect Hardy personality Hassles Health psychology Hermaphroditism Heroin Hertz Heterosexual Heuristic Higher-order conditioning Hindsight bias Hippocampus Histogram Homeostasis Homosexual Hormones Human development Human factors psychology Humanistic perspective Hypnosis Hypochondriasis Hypothalamus Hypothesis Iconic memory Id Ideal self Identification Identity versus role confusion Imaginary audience Immune system Implicit memory Implicit personality theory Impression formation Incentive approaches Incentives Independent variable Individualized educational program (I.E.P.) Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology Industry versus inferiority Infantile amnesia Inferential statistics Information-processing model In-groups Inhibitory neurotransmitter Initiative versus guilt Insight Insight therapies Insomnia Instinct approach Instinctive drift Instincts Insulin Integrity Intelligence Intelligence quotient (I.Q.) Interneuron Interpersonal attraction Interposition (overlap) Intersex Intersexed, intersexual Interview Intimacy Intrinsic motivation Introversion Introverts Irreversibility James-Lange theory of emotion "Jigsaw classroom" Just noticeable difference (J.n.d. or the differential threshold) Kinesthetic learners Kinesthetic sense Language Latency Latent content Latent learning Law of Effect Learned helplessness Learning style Learning/performance distinction Leptin Levels-of-processing model Libido Light adaptation Limbic system Linear perspective Linguistic relativity hypothesis Longitudinal design Long-term memory (L.T.M.) Lowball technique L.S.D. (lysergic acid diethylamide) Mï¿½ller-Lyer illusion Magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I.) Magnification Magnification and minimization Maintenance rehearsal Major depression Maladaptive Mammary glands Manic Manifest content Marijuana (pot or weed) M.D.M.A. (Ecstasy or X) Mean Means–end analysis Measures of central tendency Measures of variability Median Meditation Medulla Memory Memory trace Menopause Menstrual cycle Mental images Mental set Mescaline Microsleeps Minimization Misinformation effect Mnemonic Mode Modeling Monocular cues (pictorial depth cues) Monozygotic twins Mood disorders Morphemes Morphine Morphology Motion parallax Motion sickness Motivation Motor cortex Motor neuron Motor pathway Multiple approach–avoidance conflict Myelin Narcolepsy Narcotics Natural concepts Natural killer cell Nature Need Need for achievement Need for affiliation Need for power Negative reinforcement Negative symptoms Negatively skewed Neo-Freudians Nerves Nervous system Neurofeedback Neuron Neuroscience Neurotic personalities Neuroticism Neurotransmitter Neutral stimulus (N.S.) Nicotine Nightmares Night terrors Nondirective Norm of reciprocity Normal curve NREM (non-REM) sleep Nurture Obedience Object permanence Objective introspection Observational learning Observer bias Observer effect Obsessive-compulsive disorder Occipital lobe Oedipus complex Olfaction (olfactory sense) Olfactory bulbs Olfactory bulbs Openness Operant Operant conditioning Operational definition Opium Opponent-process theory Optimists Oral stage Organic or stress-induced dysfunction Orgasm Otolith organs Out-groups Ovaries Ovaries Overgeneralization Overgeneralization Ovum Pancreas Panic attack Panic disorder Panic disorder with agoraphobia Parallel distributed processing (P.D.P.) model Parameter Paranoid Paraphilia Parapsychology Parasympathetic division Parietal lobes Partial reinforcement effect Participant modeling Participant observation PCP Peak experiences Pedophile Pedophilia Perception Perceptual set (perceptual expectancy) Peripheral nervous system (P.N.S.) Peripheral-route processing Personal fable Personal unconscious Personality Personality disorders Personality inventory Personality psychology Personalization Person-centered therapy Persuasion Pessimists Phallic stage Phobia Phonemes Phototherapy Physiological psychology Pineal gland Pitch Pituitary gland Place theory Placebo effect Pleasure principle Polygon Pons Population Positive psychology movement Positive regard Positive reinforcement Positive symptoms Positively skewed Positron emission tomography (P.E.T.) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Postconventional morality Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis Practical intelligence Pragmatics Preconscious mind Preconventional morality Prefrontal lobotomy Prejudice Preoperational stage Pressure Primacy effect Primary appraisal Primary drives Primary reinforcer Primary sex characteristics Proactive interference Problem solving Problem-focused coping Procedural (nondeclarative) memory Projection Projection Projective tests Prosocial behavior Prostate gland Prototype Proximity Proximity Pseudopsychologies Psilocybin Psychiatric social worker Psychiatrist Psychoactive drugs Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis Psychoanalyst Psychodynamic perspective Psychodynamic therapy Psychogenic drugs Psychological defense mechanisms Psychological dependence Psychological disorders Psychologist Psychology Psychoneuroimmunology Psychopathology Psychopharmacology Psychophysiological disorder Psychosexual stages Psychosomatic disorder Psychosurgery Psychotherapy Psychotic Puberty Punishment Punishment by application Punishment by removal Prototype to Natural concepts Representative Sample Random assignment Range Rapid eye movement (REM) Rating scale Rational-emotive behavior therapy (R.E.B.T.) Rationalization Reaction formation Real self Realistic conflict theory Reality principle Recall Recency effect Receptive meditation Receptor sites Recessive Reciprocal determinism Reciprocity of liking Recognition Reflection Reflex arc Refractory period Regression Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcer Relative size Reliability R.E.M. behavior disorder R.E.M. rebound Replicate Repression Residual Resistance Resolution Resting potential Restorative theory Reticular formation (R.F.) Retrieval Retrieval cue Retroactive interference Retrograde amnesia Reuptake Reversible figures Rods Romantic love Rorschach inkblot test S factor Sample Scaffolding Scheme (plural schemas) Schizophrenia School psychology Scientific management Scientific method Scrotum Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D.) Secondary appraisal Secondary reinforcer Secondary sex characteristics Selective attention Selective thinking Self Self-actualization Self-actualizing tendency Self-concept Self-determination theory (S.D.T.) Self-efficacy Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-help groups (support groups) Semantic memory Semantic network model Semantics Seminal fluid Semicircular canals Sensation Sensation seeker Sensorimotor stage Sensory adaptation Sensory conflict theory Sensory memory Sensory neuron Sensory pathway Serial position effect Sexism Sexual deviance Sexual dysfunction Sexual orientation Shape constancy Shaping STM working memory Significant difference Similarity Single-blind study Situational cause Situational context Size constancy Skewed distribution Skin senses Sleep apnea Sleep deprivation Sleepwalking (somnambulism) Social categorization Social cognition Social cognitive Social cognitive learning theorists Social cognitive view Social comparison Social facilitation Social identity Social identity theory Social influence Social learners Social loafing Social phobia Social psychology Social psychology Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) Social role Social support system Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis Sociocultural perspective Soma Somatic nervous system Somatization disorder Somatoform disorders Somatosensory cortex Somesthetic senses Source traits Spatial neglect Specific phobia Spinal cord Spontaneous recovery Sports psychology Standard deviation Statistic Statistically significant Statistics Stem cells Stereotype Stereotype Stereotype vulnerability Stimulants Stimulatory hallucinogenics Stimulus discrimination Stimulus generalization Stimulus motive Stimulus substitution Storage Stress Stressors Stress-vulnerability model Structuralism Subjective Subjective discomfort Sublimation Subliminal stimuli Subordinate concept Successive approximations Superego Superordinate concept Surface traits Susceptible Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system) Synapse (synaptic gap) Synaptic knob Synaptic vesicles Synesthesia Syntax Systematic desensitization Tactile learners Temperament Temperament Temporal lobes Teratogen Testes (testicles) Testes Texture gradient Thalamus That's-not-all technique Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T.) Theory Therapeutic alliance Therapy Theta waves Thinking (cognition) Thyroid gland Time-out Token economy Token economy Top-down processing Trait Trait–situation interaction Trait theories Transference Transvestism Trepanning Trial and error (mechanical solution) Triarchic theory of intelligence Trichromatic theory Trust versus mistrust T-test Type A personality Type B personality Type C personality Unconditional positive regard Unconditional positive regard Unconditioned response (U.C.R.) Unconditioned stimulus (U.C.S.) Unconscious mind Undifferentiated Unilateral E.C.T. Uterus variable Vagina Validity Var.interval sch. of reinforcement Var. ratio sch. of reinforcement Vestibular senses Vicarious conditioning Visual accommodation Visual learners Volley principle Waking consciousness Weight set point Wernicke's aphasia Withdrawal

Absolute threshold

The smallest amount of energy needed for a person to consciously detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is present.

Interactive Thyroid Case Study

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